Activity/Fragment and ViewModel in Adapter good practice?

Question

Let's assume that we have Activity/Fragment which contains a RecyclerView. Furthermore, it sets an Adapter. For the sake of the example, let's say the Adapter has to have access to Fragment in order to call a method which displays a Snackbar. Moreover, Let's say there are a couple of items in the adapter. I want to delete one and remove it from the database. Therefore I should call ViewModel's methods. I've made a research but I couldn't find any information if referencing a fragment into the Adapter is good or not.

Could you help me and explain? Also for the ViewModel I've found some ideas here.

But what are the best practices?

Answer 1

1. good Adapter Classes should be STATIC helping developers to keep it separated from Activity/Fragment part
2. don't save Activity/Fragment reference inside Adapters
3. ViewModels should belongs to Activities or Fragments
4. Adapters should execute Activity/Fragment's actions via Callbacks/Listeners or LiveData

Pseudo-code:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    
    private interface Listener {
        void OnRemoved(@NonNull xxx removedItem);
    }
    
    private static final class MyAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<xxx> {
        private final Listener mListener;
        private MyAdapter(@NonNull final Listener listener) {
            super(...);
            this.mListener = listener;
        }
        @Override
        public void remove(xxx item) {
            super.remove(xxx); //<-- this removes item from Adapter
            this.mListener.OnRemoved(item); //<-- this triggers Activity's code
        }
    }
    
    public void onCreate(...) {
        ...
        new MyAdapter(new Listener() {
            @Override
            public void OnRemoved(@NonNull final xxx removedItem) {
                Snakbar.makeText(....).show();
            }
        });
    }
}