Playing Animation, Particle Effect, and Sound only once per second

Question

I've been building a small FPS game project and have working code that plays animations, sound effects, and a muzzle flash effect. I've tried to limit shooting to once per second, but while this works for my shooting Raycast itself, the animation, sound and ParticleSystem I have on line 75-79 don't follow the Time.time interval I've set. Could use some assistance figuring out how to properly time these out for my game.

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class Gun : MonoBehaviour
{
    public int id;
    public int activeID;
    float nextTimeToFire;
    
    AudioSource audioSource;
    public ParticleSystem shoot;
    
    [SerializeField] int currAmmo;
    [SerializeField] Text ammoCounter;
    [SerializeField] AudioClip shootClip = null;
    [SerializeField] AudioClip reloadClip = null;
    float reloadSpeed = 1f;
    
    bool reloading = false;
    
    public GameObject gameController;
    public ItemDatabase database;
    
    public Camera mainCam;
    
    Animator anim;
    
    void Start()
    {
        gameController = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag ("GameController");
        database = gameController.GetComponent<ItemDatabase> ();
        mainCam = Camera.main;
        id = GetComponent<ItemID> ().itemID;
        anim = GameObject.FindGameObjectWithTag("Player").GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
        audioSource = GetComponent<AudioSource>();  
        
        currAmmo = database.weapons[id].maxAmmo;
    }
    
    void Update()
    {   
        if(Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.R) && !reloading)
        {
            if(currAmmo == database.weapons[id].maxAmmo)
            {
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                StartCoroutine(Reload());
                return;
            }
            
        }
        
        if(Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && Time.time >= nextTimeToFire && currAmmo > 0)
        {
            if(id == activeID)
            {
                Shoot();
            }           
        }
        Ammo();
    }
    
    void Shoot()
    {
        Vector3 rayOrigin = mainCam.ViewportToWorldPoint(new Vector3(0.5f,0.5f, 0));
        
        nextTimeToFire = Time.time + 1f;///database.weapons [id].fireRate;
        currAmmo--; 
        
        anim.SetTrigger("Attack");
        shoot.Play();
        audioSource.Stop();
        audioSource.clip = shootClip;
        audioSource.Play();
        
        RaycastHit hit;
        if(Physics.Raycast(rayOrigin, mainCam.transform.forward, out hit, database.weapons [id].range))
        {
            
            if (hit.transform.tag == "Enemy")
            {
                Debug.Log (hit.transform.name);             
                CharacterStats enemyStats = hit.transform.GetComponent<CharacterStats> ();
                enemyStats.TakeDamage (database.weapons [id].damage);
                Debug.Log (database.weapons [id].damage);
            }
            
        }
    }
    
    IEnumerator Reload()
    {
        audioSource.Stop();
        audioSource.clip = reloadClip;
        audioSource.Play();
        
        reloading = true;
        
        yield return new WaitForSeconds (reloadSpeed);
        
        currAmmo = database.weapons [id].maxAmmo;
        reloading = false;
    }
    
    void Ammo()
    {
        ammoCounter.text = currAmmo.ToString("0");
    }
}