Node.js global variable and TypeScript

Question

I need to have some strongly-typed global variables.

As mentioned here: Extending TypeScript Global object in node.js, in order to add fields to the global variable I need to add a .d.ts file that extends the Global interface that's specified in node.d.ts.

Also, as Basarat mentioned:

Your file needs to be clean of any root level import or exports. That would turn the file into a module and disconnect it from the global type declaration namespace.

Now, I need to have fields on the Global interface whose types are custom interfaces that I created:

declare namespace NodeJS{
    interface Global {
        foo: Foo
        bar: Bar
    }
}

I'm extremely not willing to use the any type.

I can move/copy all the interface declarations to this declaration file, but it's a bad solution for me, since both Foo and Bar in turn, aggregate many fields of other interfaces, including third party interfaces like Moment etc.

I need a solution for this paradox

Answer 1

Here's an approach. I don't know if this is the 'correct' way of doing things, but it works for me with TypeScript 3.7.4.

1. Assuming your source files live in a folder src, create a new folder src/types and create a file global.d.ts in this folder.
2. Author your declarations using one of the following strategies:
   • If you need to import external types into your declaration file, use the following syntax:

import { Express } from 'express';

declare global {
  namespace NodeJS {
    interface Global {
      __EXPRESS_APP__: Express;
    }
  }
}

• If your declaration file does not contain any imports, the above will not work, and you'll need to use this syntax instead:

declare namespace NodeJS {
  interface Global {
    __CONNECTION_COUNT__: number;
  }
}

4. Make sure your global.d.ts file (and any other files you might add to src/types) is picked up by the TypeScript compiler, by adding the following to your tsconfig.json file:

{
  "paths": {
    "*": ["node_modules/*", "src/types/*"]
  }
}

5. Use the global variable as normal inside your code.

// Below, `app` will have the correct typings
const app = global.__EXPRESS_APP__;

Answer 2

I found this works.

Have one file that declares the property on the NodeJS.Global interface with the any type. This file has to be clean of imports or refrences.

node.d.ts

declare namespace NodeJS{
    interface Global {
        foo: any
    }
}

Then in the second file you declare a global variable that has the correct type.

global.d.ts

import IFoo from '../foo'

declare global {

  const foo:Ifoo

}

Answer 3

This worked for me (node v16.13.2)

1. In your root create file types/global.d.ts

declare global {
    var __root: string
}
export {}

Note that __root declared with var keyword. It works with let and const too, but in this case __root will have any type. I don't know why;) If someone can explain this it will be great.

2. Configure your tsconfig.json

{
    "compilerOptions": {
        "typeRoots": [
            "types"
        ],
    }
}

3. Use declared variable in your code

// app.ts (entry point)
import path from 'path'
global.__root = path.join(__dirname)

// anyFileInProject.ts
console.log(__root)  // will display root directory