How to convert command output to an array line by line in bash?

Question

I'm trying to convert the output of a command like echo -e "a b\nc\nd e" to an array.

X=( $(echo -e "a b\nc\nd e") )

Splits the input for every new line and whitespace character:

$ echo ${#X[@]}
> 5

for i in ${X[@]} ; do echo $i ; done
a
b
c
d
e

The result should be:

for i in ${X[@]} ; do echo $i ; done
a b
c
d e

Answer 1

readarray -t ARRAY < <(COMMAND)

Answer 2

Set the IFS to newline. By default, it is space.

[jaypal:~] while IFS=$'\n' read -a arry; do 
echo ${arry[0]}; 
done < <(echo -e "a b\nc\nd e")
a b
c
d e