Django deployment error "usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE] gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments: "

Question

I am trying to deploy a Django app on a Linux virtual machine created on Google Computing Engine (GCE). My domain name works fine but the wsgi server does not run because of the error in the title.
supervisor.log looks like tis.

.
.
.
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:
usage: gunicorn [OPTIONS] [APP_MODULE]
gunicorn: error: unrecognized arguments:

I am having a hard time troubleshooting because it does not tell me where to look into.

The error seems to occur when I run gunicorn_start via commands such as sudo supervisorvtl restart tutorial or chmod +x .../venv/bin/gunicorn_start because I can run the contents of the file directly via my terminal.

This is how my file tree looks like:

/webapp/user
        |--- req.txt
        |--- venv
        |--- tutorial
            |-- req.txt
            |--manage.py
            |--tutorial
            .
            .
            .
                |--wsgi.py
                |--settings.py
                .
                .
                .

I thought that the cause of this error is in the contents of the gunicorn_start file. So I ran the shell scripts in the file directly in the VM's terminal and the wsgi server seems to be running fine. Here's the result.

[13634] [DEBUG] Current configuration:
  config: ./gunicorn.conf.py
  wsgi_app: None
  bind: ['unix:/home/user/webapp/user/venv/run/gunicorn.sock']
  backlog: 2048
  workers: 3
  worker_class: sync
  threads: 1
  worker_connections: 1000
  max_requests: 0
  max_requests_jitter: 0
  timeout: 120
  graceful_timeout: 30
  keepalive: 2
  limit_request_line: 4094
  limit_request_fields: 100
  limit_request_field_size: 8190
  reload: False
  reload_engine: auto
  reload_extra_files: []
  spew: False
  check_config: False
  print_config: False
  preload_app: False
  sendfile: None
  reuse_port: False
  chdir: /home/user/webapp/user/tutorial
  daemon: False
  raw_env: []
  pidfile: None
  worker_tmp_dir: None
  user: 1000
  group: 1001
  umask: 0
  initgroups: False
  tmp_upload_dir: None
  secure_scheme_headers: {'X-FORWARDED-PROTOCOL': 'ssl', 'X-FORWARDED-PROTO': 'https', 'X-FORWARDED-SSL': 'on'}
  forwarded_allow_ips: ['127.0.0.1']
  accesslog: None
  disable_redirect_access_to_syslog: False
  access_log_format: %(h)s %(l)s %(u)s %(t)s "%(r)s" %(s)s %(b)s "%(f)s" "%(a)s"
  errorlog: -
  loglevel: debug
  capture_output: False
  logger_class: gunicorn.glogging.Logger
  logconfig: None
  logconfig_dict: {}
  syslog_addr: udp://localhost:514
  syslog: False
  syslog_prefix: None
  syslog_facility: user
  enable_stdio_inheritance: False
  statsd_host: None
  dogstatsd_tags:
  statsd_prefix:
  proc_name: tutorial
  default_proc_name: tutorial.wsgi:application
  pythonpath: None
  paste: None
  on_starting: <function OnStarting.on_starting at 0x7fc0ec8c4b80>
  on_reload: <function OnReload.on_reload at 0x7fc0ec8c4ca0>
  when_ready: <function WhenReady.when_ready at 0x7fc0ec8c4dc0>
  pre_fork: <function Prefork.pre_fork at 0x7fc0ec8c4ee0>
  post_fork: <function Postfork.post_fork at 0x7fc0ec8d9040>
  post_worker_init: <function PostWorkerInit.post_worker_init at 0x7fc0ec8d9160>
  worker_int: <function WorkerInt.worker_int at 0x7fc0ec8d9280>
  worker_abort: <function WorkerAbort.worker_abort at 0x7fc0ec8d93a0>
  pre_exec: <function PreExec.pre_exec at 0x7fc0ec8d94c0>
  pre_request: <function PreRequest.pre_request at 0x7fc0ec8d95e0>
  post_request: <function PostRequest.post_request at 0x7fc0ec8d9670>
  child_exit: <function ChildExit.child_exit at 0x7fc0ec8d9790>
  worker_exit: <function WorkerExit.worker_exit at 0x7fc0ec8d98b0>
  nworkers_changed: <function NumWorkersChanged.nworkers_changed at 0x7fc0ec8d99d0>
  on_exit: <function OnExit.on_exit at 0x7fc0ec8d9af0>
  proxy_protocol: False
  proxy_allow_ips: ['127.0.0.1']
  keyfile: None
  certfile: None
  ssl_version: 2
  cert_reqs: 0
  ca_certs: None
  suppress_ragged_eofs: True
  do_handshake_on_connect: False
  ciphers: None
  raw_paste_global_conf: []
  strip_header_spaces: False
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [13634] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [13634] [DEBUG] Arbiter booted
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [13634] [INFO] Listening at: unix:/home/user/webapp/user/venv/run/gunicorn.sock (13634)
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [13634] [INFO] Using worker: sync
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [15864] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 15864
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [15865] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 15865
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [15866] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 15866
[2022-05-18 00:55:48 +0000] [13634] [DEBUG] 3 workers

My gunicorn_start looks like this:

#!/bin/sh
NAME='tutorial'
DJANGODIR=/home/user/webapp/user/tutorial
SOCKFILE=/home/user/webapp/user/venv/run/gunicorn.sock
USER=user
GROUP=user
NUM_WORKERS=3
DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=tutorial.settings
DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE=tutorial.wsgi
TIMEOUT=120

cd $DJANGODIR
. ../venv/bin/activate
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE
export PYTHONPATH=$DJANGODIR:$PYTHONPATH
RUNDIR=$(dirname $SOCKFILE)
test -d $RUNDIR || mkdir -p $RUNDIR

exec ../venv/bin/gunicorn ${DJANGO_WSGI_MODULE}:application \
--chdir /home/user/webapp/yoshi/tutorial \
--name $NAME \
--workers $NUM_WORKERS \
--timeout $TIMEOUT \
--user=$USER --group=$GROUP \
--bind=unix:$SOCKFILE \
--log-level=debug \
--log-file=-

Here's how .conf looks like:

[program:tutorial]

command = /home/user/webapp/user/venv/bin/gunicorn_start
user = user
stdout_logfile = /home/user/webapp/user/venv/logs/supervisor.log
redirect_stderr = true
environment=LANG=en_US.UTF-8,LC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

This is how ~/webapp/user/req.txt looks like:

asgiref==3.5.2
cachetools==5.1.0
certifi==2021.10.8
charset-normalizer==2.0.12
Django==4.0.4
google-api-core==2.7.3
google-auth==2.6.6
google-cloud-secret-manager==2.10.0
googleapis-common-protos==1.56.1
grpc-google-iam-v1==0.12.4
grpcio==1.46.1
grpcio-status==1.46.1
gunicorn==20.1.0
idna==3.3
mysql-connector==2.2.9
mysqlclient==2.1.0
proto-plus==1.20.3
protobuf==3.20.1
pyasn1==0.4.8
pyasn1-modules==0.2.8
PyMySQL==1.0.2
requests==2.27.1
rsa==4.8
six==1.16.0
sqlparse==0.4.2
urllib3==1.26.9