'Visualizing a table according to its values
This is my Table:
I can customize a column like so:
cm = sns.light_palette("green", as_cmap=True)
col1 = col1.dropna()
col1.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm)
which results in:
I would like to color the cells according to their value, for example: In the Green value column, the RED and BLUE (RGB) values are 0 and I would like to have it colored according to the color scale of green (as well for the Hue column from the HSV scale). Is there a way to do it?
Do you have any recommendation on which scale to use in order to visualize a temperature column?
Thanks a lot!
Solution 1:[1]
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({'Hue value': [66.7, 0.42, 335.7, 77.9],
'Green value': [41.6, 4.23, 147.7, 37.3],
'Temperature': [39.9, 28.1, 41.8, 29.8]
})
print(df)
Hue value Green value Temperature
0 66.70 41.60 39.9
1 0.42 4.23 28.1
2 335.70 147.70 41.8
3 77.90 37.30 29.8
import seaborn as sns
cm = sns.light_palette("orange", as_cmap=True)
df.style.background_gradient(cmap=cm)
The Styler object applies to the entire DataFrame, so you probably need to apply and present each column.
And the color to describe temperature is usually red, as heat is related to red. There are many variations of red to try out, for example 'darkred', 'tomato', 'indianred', 'firebrick', 'maroon', etc. Refer here for various color options: https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html
df[['Temperature']].style.background_gradient(cmap=sns.light_palette("red", as_cmap=True))
df[['Hue value']].style.background_gradient(cmap=sns.light_palette("magenta", as_cmap=True))
df[['Green value']].style.background_gradient(cmap=sns.light_palette("lime", as_cmap=True))
Solution 2:[2]
I wrote something for this recently for RSA in C++, bit messy though.
#include "BigInteger.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
BigInteger::BigInteger() {
digits.push_back(0);
negative = false;
}
BigInteger::~BigInteger() {
}
void BigInteger::addWithoutSign(BigInteger& c, const BigInteger& a, const BigInteger& b) {
int sum_n_carry = 0;
int n = (int)a.digits.size();
if (n < (int)b.digits.size()) {
n = b.digits.size();
}
c.digits.resize(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
unsigned short a_digit = 0;
unsigned short b_digit = 0;
if (i < (int)a.digits.size()) {
a_digit = a.digits[i];
}
if (i < (int)b.digits.size()) {
b_digit = b.digits[i];
}
sum_n_carry += a_digit + b_digit;
c.digits[i] = (sum_n_carry & 0xFFFF);
sum_n_carry >>= 16;
}
if (sum_n_carry != 0) {
putCarryInfront(c, sum_n_carry);
}
while (c.digits.size() > 1 && c.digits.back() == 0) {
c.digits.pop_back();
}
//std::cout << a.toString() << " + " << b.toString() << " == " << c.toString() << std::endl;
}
void BigInteger::subWithoutSign(BigInteger& c, const BigInteger& a, const BigInteger& b) {
int sub_n_borrow = 0;
int n = a.digits.size();
if (n < (int)b.digits.size())
n = (int)b.digits.size();
c.digits.resize(n);
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
unsigned short a_digit = 0;
unsigned short b_digit = 0;
if (i < (int)a.digits.size())
a_digit = a.digits[i];
if (i < (int)b.digits.size())
b_digit = b.digits[i];
sub_n_borrow += a_digit - b_digit;
if (sub_n_borrow >= 0) {
c.digits[i] = sub_n_borrow;
sub_n_borrow = 0;
} else {
c.digits[i] = 0x10000 + sub_n_borrow;
sub_n_borrow = -1;
}
}
while (c.digits.size() > 1 && c.digits.back() == 0) {
c.digits.pop_back();
}
//std::cout << a.toString() << " - " << b.toString() << " == " << c.toString() << std::endl;
}
int BigInteger::cmpWithoutSign(const BigInteger& a, const BigInteger& b) {
int n = (int)a.digits.size();
if (n < (int)b.digits.size())
n = (int)b.digits.size();
//std::cout << "cmp(" << a.toString() << ", " << b.toString() << ") == ";
for (int i = n-1; i >= 0; --i) {
unsigned short a_digit = 0;
unsigned short b_digit = 0;
if (i < (int)a.digits.size())
a_digit = a.digits[i];
if (i < (int)b.digits.size())
b_digit = b.digits[i];
if (a_digit < b_digit) {
//std::cout << "-1" << std::endl;
return -1;
} else if (a_digit > b_digit) {
//std::cout << "+1" << std::endl;
return +1;
}
}
//std::cout << "0" << std::endl;
return 0;
}
void BigInteger::multByDigitWithoutSign(BigInteger& c, const BigInteger& a, unsigned short b) {
unsigned int mult_n_carry = 0;
c.digits.clear();
c.digits.resize(a.digits.size());
for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.digits.size(); ++i) {
unsigned short a_digit = 0;
unsigned short b_digit = b;
if (i < (int)a.digits.size())
a_digit = a.digits[i];
mult_n_carry += a_digit * b_digit;
c.digits[i] = (mult_n_carry & 0xFFFF);
mult_n_carry >>= 16;
}
if (mult_n_carry != 0) {
putCarryInfront(c, mult_n_carry);
}
//std::cout << a.toString() << " x " << b << " == " << c.toString() << std::endl;
}
void BigInteger::shiftLeftByBase(BigInteger& b, const BigInteger& a, int times) {
b.digits.resize(a.digits.size() + times);
for (int i = 0; i < times; ++i) {
b.digits[i] = 0;
}
for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.digits.size(); ++i) {
b.digits[i + times] = a.digits[i];
}
}
void BigInteger::shiftRight(BigInteger& a) {
//std::cout << "shr " << a.toString() << " == ";
for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.digits.size(); ++i) {
a.digits[i] >>= 1;
if (i+1 < (int)a.digits.size()) {
if ((a.digits[i+1] & 0x1) != 0) {
a.digits[i] |= 0x8000;
}
}
}
//std::cout << a.toString() << std::endl;
}
void BigInteger::shiftLeft(BigInteger& a) {
bool lastBit = false;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.digits.size(); ++i) {
bool bit = (a.digits[i] & 0x8000) != 0;
a.digits[i] <<= 1;
if (lastBit)
a.digits[i] |= 1;
lastBit = bit;
}
if (lastBit) {
a.digits.push_back(1);
}
}
void BigInteger::putCarryInfront(BigInteger& a, unsigned short carry) {
BigInteger b;
b.negative = a.negative;
b.digits.resize(a.digits.size() + 1);
b.digits[a.digits.size()] = carry;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)a.digits.size(); ++i) {
b.digits[i] = a.digits[i];
}
a.digits.swap(b.digits);
}
void BigInteger::divideWithoutSign(BigInteger& c, BigInteger& d, const BigInteger& a, const BigInteger& b) {
c.digits.clear();
c.digits.push_back(0);
BigInteger two("2");
BigInteger e = b;
BigInteger f("1");
BigInteger g = a;
BigInteger one("1");
while (cmpWithoutSign(g, e) >= 0) {
shiftLeft(e);
shiftLeft(f);
}
shiftRight(e);
shiftRight(f);
while (cmpWithoutSign(g, b) >= 0) {
g -= e;
c += f;
while (cmpWithoutSign(g, e) < 0) {
shiftRight(e);
shiftRight(f);
}
}
e = c;
e *= b;
f = a;
f -= e;
d = f;
}
BigInteger::BigInteger(const BigInteger& other) {
digits = other.digits;
negative = other.negative;
}
BigInteger::BigInteger(const char* other) {
digits.push_back(0);
negative = false;
BigInteger ten;
ten.digits[0] = 10;
const char* c = other;
bool make_negative = false;
if (*c == '-') {
make_negative = true;
++c;
}
while (*c != 0) {
BigInteger digit;
digit.digits[0] = *c - '0';
*this *= ten;
*this += digit;
++c;
}
negative = make_negative;
}
bool BigInteger::isOdd() const {
return (digits[0] & 0x1) != 0;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator=(const BigInteger& other) {
if (this == &other) // handle self assignment
return *this;
digits = other.digits;
negative = other.negative;
return *this;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator+=(const BigInteger& other) {
BigInteger result;
if (negative) {
if (other.negative) {
result.negative = true;
addWithoutSign(result, *this, other);
} else {
int a = cmpWithoutSign(*this, other);
if (a < 0) {
result.negative = false;
subWithoutSign(result, other, *this);
} else if (a > 0) {
result.negative = true;
subWithoutSign(result, *this, other);
} else {
result.negative = false;
result.digits.clear();
result.digits.push_back(0);
}
}
} else {
if (other.negative) {
int a = cmpWithoutSign(*this, other);
if (a < 0) {
result.negative = true;
subWithoutSign(result, other, *this);
} else if (a > 0) {
result.negative = false;
subWithoutSign(result, *this, other);
} else {
result.negative = false;
result.digits.clear();
result.digits.push_back(0);
}
} else {
result.negative = false;
addWithoutSign(result, *this, other);
}
}
negative = result.negative;
digits.swap(result.digits);
return *this;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator-=(const BigInteger& other) {
BigInteger neg_other = other;
neg_other.negative = !neg_other.negative;
return *this += neg_other;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator*=(const BigInteger& other) {
BigInteger result;
for (int i = 0; i < (int)digits.size(); ++i) {
BigInteger mult;
multByDigitWithoutSign(mult, other, digits[i]);
BigInteger shift;
shiftLeftByBase(shift, mult, i);
BigInteger add;
addWithoutSign(add, result, shift);
result = add;
}
if (negative != other.negative) {
result.negative = true;
} else {
result.negative = false;
}
//std::cout << toString() << " x " << other.toString() << " == " << result.toString() << std::endl;
negative = result.negative;
digits.swap(result.digits);
return *this;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator/=(const BigInteger& other) {
BigInteger result, tmp;
divideWithoutSign(result, tmp, *this, other);
result.negative = (negative != other.negative);
negative = result.negative;
digits.swap(result.digits);
return *this;
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::operator%=(const BigInteger& other) {
BigInteger c, d;
divideWithoutSign(c, d, *this, other);
*this = d;
return *this;
}
bool BigInteger::operator>(const BigInteger& other) const {
if (negative) {
if (other.negative) {
return cmpWithoutSign(*this, other) < 0;
} else {
return false;
}
} else {
if (other.negative) {
return true;
} else {
return cmpWithoutSign(*this, other) > 0;
}
}
}
BigInteger& BigInteger::powAssignUnderMod(const BigInteger& exponent, const BigInteger& modulus) {
BigInteger zero("0");
BigInteger one("1");
BigInteger e = exponent;
BigInteger base = *this;
*this = one;
while (cmpWithoutSign(e, zero) != 0) {
//std::cout << e.toString() << " : " << toString() << " : " << base.toString() << std::endl;
if (e.isOdd()) {
*this *= base;
*this %= modulus;
}
shiftRight(e);
base *= BigInteger(base);
base %= modulus;
}
return *this;
}
std::string BigInteger::toString() const {
std::ostringstream os;
if (negative)
os << "-";
BigInteger tmp = *this;
BigInteger zero("0");
BigInteger ten("10");
tmp.negative = false;
std::stack<char> s;
while (cmpWithoutSign(tmp, zero) != 0) {
BigInteger tmp2, tmp3;
divideWithoutSign(tmp2, tmp3, tmp, ten);
s.push((char)(tmp3.digits[0] + '0'));
tmp = tmp2;
}
while (!s.empty()) {
os << s.top();
s.pop();
}
/*
for (int i = digits.size()-1; i >= 0; --i) {
os << digits[i];
if (i != 0) {
os << ",";
}
}
*/
return os.str();
And an example usage.
BigInteger a("87682374682734687"), b("435983748957348957349857345"), c("2348927349872344")
// Will Calculate pow(87682374682734687, 435983748957348957349857345) % 2348927349872344
a.powAssignUnderMod(b, c);
Its fast too, and has unlimited number of digits.
Solution 3:[3]
Two things:
- Are you using the appropriate data type? In other words, does UINT_MAX allow you to have 673109 as an argument?
No, it does not, since at one point you have Your code does not work because at one point you have num = 2^16 and the num = ... causes overflow. Use a bigger data type to hold this intermediate value.
How about taking modulo at every possible overflow oppertunity such as:
test = ((test % mod) * (num % mod)) % mod;
Edit:
unsigned mod_pow(unsigned num, unsigned pow, unsigned mod)
{
unsigned long long test;
unsigned long long n = num;
for(test = 1; pow; pow >>= 1)
{
if (pow & 1)
test = ((test % mod) * (n % mod)) % mod;
n = ((n % mod) * (n % mod)) % mod;
}
return test; /* note this is potentially lossy */
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
/* (2 ^ 168277) % 673109 */
printf("%u\n", mod_pow(2, 168277, 673109));
return 0;
}
Solution 4:[4]
package playTime;
public class play {
public static long count = 0;
public static long binSlots = 10;
public static long y = 645;
public static long finalValue = 1;
public static long x = 11;
public static void main(String[] args){
int[] binArray = new int[]{0,0,1,0,0,0,0,1,0,1};
x = BME(x, count, binArray);
System.out.print("\nfinal value:"+finalValue);
}
public static long BME(long x, long count, int[] binArray){
if(count == binSlots){
return finalValue;
}
if(binArray[(int) count] == 1){
finalValue = finalValue*x%y;
}
x = (x*x)%y;
System.out.print("Array("+binArray[(int) count]+") "
+"x("+x+")" +" finalVal("+ finalValue + ")\n");
count++;
return BME(x, count,binArray);
}
}
Solution 5:[5]
LL is for long long int
LL power_mod(LL a, LL k) {
if (k == 0)
return 1;
LL temp = power(a, k/2);
LL res;
res = ( ( temp % P ) * (temp % P) ) % P;
if (k % 2 == 1)
res = ((a % P) * (res % P)) % P;
return res;
}
Use the above recursive function for finding the mod exp of the number. This will not result in overflow because it calculates in a bottom up manner.
Sample test run for :
a = 2 and k = 168277 shows output to be 518358 which is correct and the function runs in O(log(k)) time;
Solution 6:[6]
You could use following identity:
(a * b) (mod m) === (a (mod m)) * (b (mod m)) (mod m)
Try using it straightforward way and incrementally improve.
if (pow & 1)
test = ((test % mod) * (num % mod)) % mod;
num = ((num % mod) * (num % mod)) % mod;
Sources
This article follows the attribution requirements of Stack Overflow and is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Source: Stack Overflow
| Solution | Source |
|---|---|
| Solution 1 | perpetual student |
| Solution 2 | clinux |
| Solution 3 | |
| Solution 4 | ShowLove |
| Solution 5 | abkds |
| Solution 6 |