Use same parameter multiple times in sql query

Question

I am using pyodbc and Microsoft SQL Server

I am trying to replicate a stored procedure in python where this query is executed for every @currentSurveyId

SELECT *
                FROM
                (
                    SELECT
                        SurveyId,
                        QuestionId,
                        1 as InSurvey
                    FROM
                        SurveyStructure
                    WHERE
                        SurveyId = @currentSurveyId
                    UNION
                    SELECT 
                        @currentSurveyId as SurveyId,
                        Q.QuestionId,
                        0 as InSurvey
                    FROM
                        Question as Q
                    WHERE NOT EXISTS
                    (
                        SELECT *
                        FROM SurveyStructure as S
                        WHERE S.SurveyId = @currentSurveyId AND S.QuestionId = Q.QuestionId
                    )
                ) as t
                ORDER BY QuestionId

In Python, I so far have:

cursor.execute("""SELECT UserId FROM dbo.[User]""")
allSurveyID = cursor.fetchall()

for i in allSurveyID:
    p = i
    test = cursor.execute("""SELECT *
                FROM
                (
                    SELECT
                        SurveyId,
                        QuestionId,
                        1 as InSurvey
                    FROM
                        SurveyStructure
                    WHERE
                        SurveyId = (?)
                    UNION
                    SELECT 
                        (?) as SurveyId,
                        Q.QuestionId,
                        0 as InSurvey
                    FROM
                        Question as Q
                    WHERE NOT EXISTS
                    (
                        SELECT *
                        FROM SurveyStructure as S
                        WHERE S.SurveyId = (?)AND S.QuestionId = Q.QuestionId
                    )
                ) as t
                ORDER BY QuestionId""",p)

for i in test:
    print(i)

The parameter works when used once (if I delete everything from UNION onwards). When trying to use the same parameter in the rest of the query, I get the following error:('The SQL contains 3 parameter markers, but 1 parameters were supplied', 'HY000')

Is it possible to use the same parameter multiple times in the same query?

Thank you

Answer 1

pyodbc itself only supports "qmark" (positional) parameters (ref: here), but with T-SQL (Microsoft SQL Server) we can use an anonymous code block to avoid having to pass the same parameter value multiple times:

cnxn = pyodbc.connect(connection_string)
crsr = cnxn.cursor()

sql = """\
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @my_param int = ?;
SELECT @my_param AS original, @my_param * 2 AS doubled;
"""
results = crsr.execute(sql, 2).fetchone()
print(results)  # (2, 4)