MySQL Missing comma before start of a new alter operation. (near "ADD" at position 255)

Question

I have a problem

my code

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-- phpMyAdmin SQL Dump
-- version 4.7.4
-- https://www.phpmyadmin.net/
--
-- --------------------------------------------------------

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `country` (
  `id` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `alpha2` varchar(2) NOT NULL,
  `alpha3` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `alpha2` (`alpha2`),
  UNIQUE KEY `alpha3` (`alpha3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

--
-- `user` table structure
--

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `firstname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `lastname` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `login` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `avatar` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `user_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `user_idx_1` UNIQUE INDEX (`login`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `user_address` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_1` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_2` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_3` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_4` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_5` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `postal_code` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `city_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `country_code` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `user__address_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `user_address_idx_1` (`user_id`),
  INDEX `user_address_idx_2` (`country_code`),
  CONSTRAINT `user_address_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`user_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `user_address_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`country_code`) REFERENCES `country` (`alpha3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

ALTER TABLE `user`
  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `shipping_address` int(11) NULL,
  ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `billing_address` int(11) NULL,
  ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`shipping_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`)
  ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`billing_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`);

CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS `user_idx_2` ON `user`(`shipping_address`);
CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS `user_idx_3` ON `user`(`billing_address`);


CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `product_types` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `type` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `description` varchar(4000) DEFAULT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `product_types_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `product_types_idx_1` UNIQUE INDEX (`type`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `products` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `code` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
  `name` varchar(70) NOT NULL,
  `type` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `scale` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
  `vendor` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
  `description` text NOT NULL,
  `stock_level` smallint(6) NOT NULL,
  `cost` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
  `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `product_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `product_idx_2` (`type`),
  CONSTRAINT `product_idx_1` UNIQUE INDEX (`code`),
  CONSTRAINT `products_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`type`) REFERENCES `product_types` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

ALTER TABLE `products` ADD FULLTEXT(`description`);

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `orders` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_date` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp(),
  `shipped_date` timestamp DEFAULT NULL,
  `status` varchar(15) NOT NULL,
  `customer_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `order_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `order_idx_1` (`customer_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `orders_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`customer_id`) REFERENCES `user` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `order_lines` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `product_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `quantity` smallint(6) NOT NULL,
  `cost` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
  `price` decimal(10,2) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `order_lines_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `order_lines_idx_1` (`order_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `order_lines_idx_2` UNIQUE INDEX (`product_id`),
  CONSTRAINT `order_lines_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`order_id`) REFERENCES `orders` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `order_lines_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`product_id`) REFERENCES `products` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `order_address` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `order_id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `type` ENUM ('SHIPPING', 'BILLING'),
  `address_line_1` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_2` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_3` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_4` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `address_line_5` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `postal_code` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `city_name` varchar(40) NOT NULL,
  `country_code` varchar(3) NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT `order_address_pk` PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  INDEX `order_address_idx_1` (`user_id`),
  INDEX `order_address_idx_2` (`country_code`),
  CONSTRAINT `order_address_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`order_id`) REFERENCES `orders` (`id`),
  CONSTRAINT `order_address_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`country_code`) REFERENCES `country` (`alpha3`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
_________________________

ERROR

Static analysis:

1 errors were found during analysis.

Missing comma before start of a new alter operation. (near "ADD" at position 255)

SQL query:

ALTER TABLE `user` 
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `shipping_address` int(11) NULL, 
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `billing_address` int(11) NULL, 
ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`shipping_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`) 
ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`billing_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`)

MySQL said: Documentation

#1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MariaDB server version for the right syntax to use near 'FOREIGN KEY (`shipping_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`) ADD CONS...' at line 4

Answer 1

You don't have a comma separating your last two lines of SQL.

Please use this:

ALTER TABLE `user` 
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `shipping_address` int(11) NULL, 
ADD COLUMN IF NOT EXISTS `billing_address` int(11) NULL, 
ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_2` FOREIGN KEY (`shipping_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`),
ADD CONSTRAINT IF NOT EXISTS `user_ibfk_3` FOREIGN KEY (`billing_address`) REFERENCES `user_address` (`id`)

SQL will separate the interests of different statements with the Comma, This works similar to a Javascript Semi colon