'Maximum Network Flow with Definition

recently i get stuck in problem. i reading the Network Flow book for fun !

i couldn't prove which of the following are true? and which false? and why?

I would be so glad if everyone could help me !

in maximum network flow which of theses sentence be correct?

a. If x is a maximum flow, either xij = 0 or xji = 0 for every arc (i, j) ∈ A.

b. Any network always has a maximum flow x such that xij = 0 or xji = 0 for all (i, j) ∈ A.



Solution 1:[1]

For any arc (i, j) you can change (xij, xji) to (xij + D, xji + D), note that D could also be negative. This is simply because you can circulate arbitrary amounts of flow between i and j (it stays between the two, never flowing into the rest of the network).

Thus a) is false, and b) is true, because if xij != 0 and xji != 0 you can take D to be -min(xij, xji) and modify the arc flow to turn one of them into 0.

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Solution 1 gus