How to reduce the number of function arguments and database table that has many fields in PHP

Question

I want to pass some parameters in a method which i would use to insert data into my database. I have over 50 fields in the table i want to insert into. The challenge is that, some of this parameters are optional and so, explicitly writing the parameters and table fields would be very hectic.

I thought of public function addAd(...param){} however, i won't have control over the optional params.

For the table fields, i thought of using SELECT to get the fields then pass it as array into addTable as fields. "INSERT INTO adTable ($fields) VALUES (?,...)"

Is there any way i can solve this problem?

UPDATE

private $col_names;
private $msg;
private function getAdsFields(){
        $sql = "SHOW COLUMNS FROM mall";
        $stmt = $this->db->run($sql);
        while ($row = $stmt->fetch()) {
            if ($row['Field'] != 'defaultColID') {
                array_push($this->col_names, $row['Field']);
            } 
        }
    }

public function createAd(...$params){
        $this->getAdsFields();
        //gets all the fields returned from getAdsFields then convert them to string
        $fields = implode(',', $this->col_names);

        if (empty($params)) {
            $this->message("empty", "All field must be filled");
        } else{
            // gets the total number of parameters passed
            $num = (count($params));
            // loops through the numbers and pushes '?' in to the each loop;
            $bind_array = [];
            for ($i=0; $i < $num; $i++) { 
                array_push($bind_array, '?');
            } 
            // coverts all the'?' in the array into strings;
            $bind = implode(',',$bind_array);

            $sql = "INSERT INTO mall ($fields) VALUES ($bind)";
            $stmt = $this->db->run($sql, $params);
            if ($stmt->rowCount() > 0) {
                $this->message("success", "Category added successfully");
            } else {
                $this->message("failed", "Something Went Wrong");
            }
        }
        return $this->msg;
    }

This actually worked, however, the only set back is that i cannot specify optional parameters.