'How to install a gem or update RubyGems if it fails with a permissions error

I'm trying to install a gem using gem install mygem or update RubyGems using gem update --system, and it fails with this error:

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.

Does anyone have an idea how to solve this?

rubymacosrubygems


Solution 1:[1]

Try adding --user-install instead of using sudo:

gem install mygem --user-install

Solution 2:[2]

You really should be using a Ruby version manager.

Using one properly would prevent and can resolve your permission problem when executing a gem update command.

I recommend rbenv.

However, even when you use a Ruby version manager, you may still get that same error message.

If you do, and you are using rbenv, just verify that the ~/.rbenv/shims directory is before the path for the system Ruby.

$ echo $PATH will show you the order of your load path.

If you find that your shims directory comes after your system Ruby bin directory, then edit your ~/.bashrc file and put this as your last export PATH command: export PATH=$HOME/.rbenv/shims:$PATH

$ ruby -v shows you what version of Ruby you are using

This shows that I'm currently using the system version of Ruby (usually not good)

$ ruby -v
ruby 1.8.7 (2012-02-08 patchlevel 358) [universal-darwin12.0]

$ rbenv global 1.9.3-p448 switches me to a newer, pre-installed version (see references below).

This shows that I'm using a newer version of Ruby (that likely won't cause the Gem::FilePermissionError)

$ ruby -v
ruby 1.9.3p448 (2013-06-27 revision 41675) [x86_64-darwin12.4.0]

You typically should not need to preface a gem command with sudo. If you feel the need to do so, something is probably misconfigured.

For details about rbenv see the following:

Solution 3:[3]

Why don't you do: 

sudo gem update --system

Solution 4:[4]

This will fix the issue on MacOS Mojave and Catalina in a clean way:

brew install ruby

Then set GEM_HOME to your user directory. On the terminal:

  • Bash:

    echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME=$HOME/gems' >> ~/.bashrc
echo 'export PATH=$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.bashrc
source ~/.bashrc

  • OR if on Zsh:

    echo '# Install Ruby Gems to ~/gems' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export GEM_HOME=$HOME/gems' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export PATH=$HOME/gems/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.zshrc
source ~/.zshrc

Solution 5:[5]

For me the problem was due to using rbenv and forgetting to set the proper version globally.

So I had to set it with rbenv global xxx

In my case I installed 2.0.0-p247 so I had to issue the command:

rbenv global 2.0.0-p247
rbenv rehash

Then all was working fine.

Solution 6:[6]

You need to correct your paths.

To determine if this fix will work, run the following:

which gem

This should output a directory you do not have permissions to:

/usr/bin/gem

To fix this perform the following steps:

  1. Determine the path you need to copy to your profile:

    rbenv init -

    The first line of the output is the line you need to copy over to your profile:

    export PATH="/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims:${PATH}" #path that needs to be copied
source "/usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/0.4.0/libexec/../completions/rbenv.zsh"
rbenv rehash 2>/dev/null
rbenv() {
    typeset command
    command="$1"
    if [ "$#" -gt 0 ]; then
        shift
    fi

    case "$command" in
        rehash|shell)
            eval `rbenv "sh-$command" "$@"`;;
        *)
            command rbenv "$command" "$@";;
    esac
}

  2. Copy the path to your profile and save it.

  3. Reload your profile (source ~/.zshenv for me).

  4. Run rbenv rehash.

Now when you run which gem you should get a local path that you have permissions to:

/Users/justin/.rbenv/shims/gem

Solution 7:[7]

This worked for me. Plus, if you installed gems as root before, it fixes that problem by changing ownership back to you (better security-wise). 

sudo chown -R `whoami` /Library/Ruby/Gems

Solution 8:[8]

sudo gem update --system
sudo gem install (gemfile)

Solution 9:[9]

There are two routes: Use either rbenv or RVM. There are recipes for both below. Before you do, you probably want to turn off the installation of local documents for gems.

echo "gem: --no-ri --no-rdoc" >> ~/.gemrc

Then:

install rbenv

install ruby-build

run: 

rbenv install 2.1.2 (or whatever version you prefer)
rbenv global 2.1.2
gem update --system

This installs an up-to-date version of the gem system in your local directories. That means you don't interfere with the system configuration. If you're asking this question, you shouldn't be messing with system security, and you'll spend longer understanding what issues you may run into, than just having an easy way to avoid the problem you started with. Learn InfoSec later, when you know more about the operating system and programming.

For an alternative use 'RVM' instead: To install rvm run: 

rvm install 2.1.2
rvm use 2.1.2
gem update --system

This has the same result, you end up with a local Ruby and Gem system that doesn't interfere with the system versions. There is no need for Homebrew, or over-riding system libs, etc.

Solution 10:[10]

Try nathanwhy's answer before using my original answer below. His recommendation of --user-install should accomplish the same purpose without having to muck with your .bash_profile or determine your ruby version.

If you are not concerned about a specific ruby version, you can skip the heavy-lift ruby environment manager options, and just add these lines to ~/.bash_profile:

export GEM_HOME="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"
export GEM_PATH="$HOME/.gem/ruby/2.0.0"

The path is stolen from the original output of gem env:

RubyGems Environment:
  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.0.14
  - RUBY VERSION: 2.0.0
  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /System/Library/.../2.0/usr/bin/ruby
  - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /usr/bin
  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
    - ruby
    - universal-darwin-14
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0
     - /Users/mylogin/.gem/ruby/2.0.0 # <-- This guy, right here.
     - /System/Library/.../usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0
  ...

No sudoing is required, and you can use the already-installed ruby, courtesy of Apple.

Solution 11:[11]

I found this how-to for sudoless gem:

  1. brew install rbenv ruby-build
  2. sudo gem update --system

  3. add exports to .bashrc:

    export RBENV_ROOT="$(brew --prefix rbenv)"
export GEM_HOME="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gems"
export GEM_PATH="$(brew --prefix)/opt/gems"

  4. And finally add this to your ~/.gemrc:

    gem: -n/usr/local/bin

  5. gem update --system

Solution 12:[12]

I needed to do a rbenv rehash so it would point to my local Gem library.

It looks like you've got your gem manager pointing to the System Library, so, instead of messing with permissions, do the equivalent of "rehash" for your manager to get things pointing locally.

Solution 13:[13]

I had formatted my Mac and many suggested solutions did not work for me. What worked for me are these commands in the correct order:

  1. Install Homebrew:

    /usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"

  2. Install Ruby:

    brew install ruby

  3. Install Compass:

    sudo gem install compass

Solution 14:[14]

Older and wiser

Don't do what I say here, just know to be wary any time you use sudo. You probably want to use something like rbenv to isolate whatever work you're doing.

a way

learn about chown

I don't know if you like the command line, but this will make working on any project with any tool that installs packages to your system a breeze.

chown as far as I can tell, stands for change ownership.

The reason I came looking for this answer is because gem install threw this error at me today:

ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions into the /var/lib/gems/1.9.1 directory.

This is a perfect opportunity to use chown. You see Ruby has given us the directory it needs access to, and it seems like it's a directory it will use pretty often.

In this case, there are only three things one needs to know to solve the problem, but chown is much more powerful, and grants you a lot more flexibility than I will demonstrate now. Please refer to the source at the bottom for more information.

The Two Things

  1. Username
  2. Directory

If you're in a shell finding the username is easy. Just look at the prompt. Mine looks like:

breadly@breadly-desktop:~\Desktop

The current user is just the name before the @. We know the directory from the error messages, but you have two choices. You can either limit your permission to the current version by using ../gems/1.9.1, or give yourself write permission for gems of all version by using ../gems.

The command to actually change ownership would look like this.

chown -R $(whoami) /absolute/path/to/directory

The -R is known as a flag and the -R flag typically tells a command to do something recursively, or in other words perform the command on every thing that is contained in the directory, and all the things contained in the directories contained within, and so on till there isn't anything else.

Solution 15:[15]

sudo chown -R $USER /Library/Ruby/Gems/

Solution 16:[16]

Work for me:

sudo gem uninstall cocoapods

sudo gem install cocoapods

Solution 17:[17]

Install rbenv by brew install rbenv;

Then put eval "$(rbenv init -)" at the end of ~/.bash_profile (or ~/.zshrc of MacOS);

Open a new terminal and run gem install *** will work!

Solution 18:[18]

Check to see if your Ruby version is right. If not, change it.

This works for me:

$ rbenv global 1.9.3-p547
$ gem update --system

Solution 19:[19]

As pointed out by bobbdelsol, rehash worked for me :

==> which ruby
/usr/bin/ruby

==> rbenv install 1.9.3-p551
Downloading ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2...
-> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.3-p551.tar.bz2
Installing ruby-1.9.3-p551...
Installed ruby-1.9.3-p551 to /Users/username/.rbenv/versions/1.9.3-p551


==> which ruby
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/ruby

==> which gem
/Users/username/.rbenv/shims/gem

==> gem install compass
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Gem::FilePermissionError)
    You don't have write permissions for the /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.0.0 directory.


==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]


==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551


==> ruby -v
ruby 2.0.0p648 (2015-12-16 revision 53162) [universal.x86_64-darwin15]


==> rbenv global 1.9.3-p551


==> rbenv rehash


==> ruby -v
ruby 1.9.3p551 (2014-11-13 revision 48407) [x86_64-darwin15.4.0]


==> gem install compass
Fetching: sass-3.4.22.gem (100%)
Fetching: multi_json-1.11.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-core-1.0.3.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-import-once-1.0.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: chunky_png-1.3.5.gem (100%)
Fetching: rb-fsevent-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: ffi-1.9.10.gem (100%)
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
Fetching: rb-inotify-0.9.7.gem (100%)
Fetching: compass-1.0.3.gem (100%)
    Compass is charityware. If you love it, please donate on our behalf at http://umdf.org/compass Thanks!
Successfully installed sass-3.4.22
Successfully installed multi_json-1.11.3
Successfully installed compass-core-1.0.3
Successfully installed compass-import-once-1.0.5
Successfully installed chunky_png-1.3.5
Successfully installed rb-fsevent-0.9.7
Successfully installed ffi-1.9.10
Successfully installed rb-inotify-0.9.7
Successfully installed compass-1.0.3
9 gems installed
Installing ri documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing ri documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing ri documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing ri documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing ri documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing ri documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing ri documentation for compass-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for sass-3.4.22...
Installing RDoc documentation for multi_json-1.11.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-core-1.0.3...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-import-once-1.0.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for chunky_png-1.3.5...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-fsevent-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for ffi-1.9.10...
Installing RDoc documentation for rb-inotify-0.9.7...
Installing RDoc documentation for compass-1.0.3...

Solution 20:[20]

A 2021 solution (using rvm):

If you type which ruby in terminal, and it shows /usr/bin/ruby, you can try this solution.

  1. install rvm

    curl -L https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable

  2. install ruby using rvm

    rvm install "ruby-3.0.0"

  3. use your installed version of ruby

    rvm use ruby-3.0.0

  4. type which ruby again, which will show /Users/mac_user_name/.rvm/rubies/ruby-3.0.0/bin/ruby.

    It's a new path to use ruby.

Solution 21:[21]

Tested on MacOS Mojave WITH SUCCESS:

  1. Uninstall all your old ruby versions (let's say you have 2.00 and 2.3.0):

    $ rvm uninstall 2.0.0

    $ rvm uninstall 2.3.0

  2. Install brand new ruby version:

    $ brew install ruby

  3. Set a default alias to your version:

    $ rvm alias create default ruby

  4. Reboot your system because this is the safest way your computer loads the new ruby version, recently installed.

AFTER you done above procedure, you can successfully run any gem command.

Solution 22:[22]

You can change GEM_HOME. You have also under your home directory a gem folder to check it use

$ gem env

result is as follows. Unrelated parts are omitted.

...
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /Users/xxx/.gem/ruby/2.6.0
     - /Library/Ruby/Gems/2.6.0
     - /System/Library/Frameworks/Ruby.framework/Versions/2.6/usr/lib/ruby/gems/2.6.0
...

You can use your /Users/xxx/.gem/ruby/2.6.0 folder.

vim ~/.bash_profile

add the following line

export GEM_HOME=~/.gem/ruby/2.6.0/

After that you can use

source ~/.bash_profile

Solution 23:[23]

The issue for me was that I switched from zshell to bash earlier and was not logged in:

/bin/bash --login

Although I had rvm installed, it was not able to switch to my newly rvm-installed ruby version and was still trying to use the default Mac-installed ruby binary. Hence my confusion (user error!!!) and the continued permissions issues...

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