How can i extract the userdata partition of my android emulator?

Question

How can i extract the (unencrypted and complete) userdata partition of my android emulator (AVD)?

Due to some research i want to extract the userdata and system partition of my emulator. There are several possibilities to do so, yet i was unable to extract a complete and unencrypted userdata partition. I tried the following:

1. Extract using adb pull: adb pull /dev/block/dm-X DESTINATION_PATH. Results in being able to analyze the partition using autopsy. The image seems semi-complete as the important folders exist but are basically empty (i am using the SANS digital forensics & incident response poster to look up the most important data).
2. Extract using abd shell: adb shell "su root dd if=/dev/block/dm-X" > DESTINATION_PATH. The image seems corrupt. "File system is corrupt (extXfs_group_load: Group 1 descriptor block locations too large at byte offset 4128)" according to fsstat.
3. Access the partition via the file system: C:\Users\USER\.android\avd\EMULATED_DEVICE_NAME\userdata-qemu.img. The image seems incomplete as there are only a few folders to analyze.

What's really confusing to me are the three partitions userdata.img, userdata-qemu.img and userdata-qemu.img.qcow2 located in the folder stated in 3). According to the emulator help-page (emulator -help-disk-images), userdata.img is "the initial data partition image". userdata-qemu.img is "the persistent data partition image". There is no information about the userdata-qemu.img.qcow2. It seems that any data after the initial bootup will be saved in userdata-qemu.img.qcow2. I also tried to convert this file using qemu-img -f qcow2 -O raw userdata-qemu.img.qcow2 userdata.img to a raw file format (backing file from adb pull (method 1)), which can be analyzed using autopsy. However, the output seemes encrypted as the entropie is very high and you cannot detect any data using xxd/HxD.

I tested this on Android 11 and Android 12 rooted and emulated devices (Google Play API).

Thanks in advance!