android:exported added but still getting error Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported

Question

I have added android:exported="true" to my only activity in manifest but still getting below error after updating compile sdk and target sdk version to 31.I also tried rebuilding the project , invalidating cache and restart but that didn't helped

Error- Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details.

AndroidManifest File

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.xyz.abc">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:name=".framework.presentation.BaseApplication"
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity android:name="com.xyz.presentation.MainActivity"
            android:exported="true">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

Merged manifest error

Other Manifest Files (Included in merge, but did not contribute any elements) firebase-installations:17.0.0 manifest, versionedparcelable:1.1.1 manifest, runtime:1.0.1 manifest, test:core:1.2.0 manifest, loader:1.0.0 manifest, facebook-share:11.1.0 manifest, leakcanary:leaksentry:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, material-dialogs:input:3.2.1 manifest, material-icons-extended:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-stats:17.0.0 manifest, interpolator:1.0.0 manifest, activity-compose:1.3.1 manifest, material-ripple:1.0.0 manifest, foundation:1.0.0 manifest, asynclayoutinflater:1.0.0 manifest, savedstate-ktx:1.1.0 manifest, navigation-dynamic-features-fragment:2.3.5 manifest, firebase-ui-auth:7.2.0 manifest, animation:1.0.1 manifest, animation-core:1.0.1 manifest, installreferrer:1.0 manifest, firebase-crashlytics:18.0.0 manifest, ui:1.0.1 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel-savedstate:2.3.1 manifest, play-services-auth-base:17.0.0 manifest, hilt-android:2.35.1 manifest, material-dialogs:core:3.2.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, savedstate:1.1.0 manifest, cursoradapter:1.0.0 manifest, sqlite-framework:2.0.1 manifest, room-ktx:2.1.0 manifest, leakcanary-android-core:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, media:1.0.0 manifest, coordinatorlayout:1.1.0 manifest, legacy-support-core-utils:1.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-runtime:2.3.1 manifest, coil-kt:coil:1.3.1 manifest, ui-tooling-preview:1.0.0 manifest, facebook-core:11.1.0 manifest, core:1.6.0 manifest, material:1.0.0 manifest, firebase-common:20.0.0 manifest, documentfile:1.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.4.0-beta01 manifest, play-services-base:17.1.0 manifest, ui-tooling-data:1.0.0 manifest, coil-base:1.3.1 manifest, firebase-analytics-ktx:19.0.0 manifest, localbroadcastmanager:1.0.0 manifest, swiperefreshlayout:1.1.0-alpha03 manifest, constraintlayout-compose:1.0.0-beta02 manifest, core-ktx:1.6.0 manifest, firebase-database-collection:18.0.0 manifest, coil-compose-base:1.3.1 manifest, activity:1.3.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, facebook-messenger:11.1.0 manifest, print:1.0.0 manifest, customview:1.1.0 manifest, material-icons-core:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-sdk:19.0.0 manifest, fragment:1.3.4 manifest, firebase-appcheck-interop:16.0.0-beta01 manifest, facebook-login:11.1.0 manifest, cardview:1.0.0 manifest, runtime-rxjava2:1.0.0 manifest, viewpager2:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-ads-identifier:17.0.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-impl:19.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata-core:2.3.1 manifest, play-services-safetynet:17.0.0 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.3.1 manifest, transport-backend-cct:3.0.0 manifest, fragment-ktx:1.2.4 manifest, appcompat:1.3.0 manifest, transport-runtime:3.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata-core-ktx:2.2.0 manifest, firebase-firestore-ktx:23.0.0 manifest, legacy-support-v4:1.0.0 manifest, play-services-basement:17.1.1 manifest, firebase-storage:20.0.0 manifest, play-services-auth-api-phone:17.4.0 manifest, leakcanary-android:2.0-alpha-3 manifest, firebase-auth-interop:20.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-viewmodel:2.3.1 manifest, browser:1.0.0 manifest, firebase-auth:21.0.1 manifest, material:1.2.1 manifest, slidingpanelayout:1.0.0 manifest, vectordrawable:1.1.0 manifest, recyclerview:1.1.0 manifest, play-services-auth:19.0.0 manifest, room-runtime:2.1.0 manifest, dagger-lint-aar:2.35.1 manifest, navigation-dynamic-features-runtime:2.3.5 manifest, play-services-measurement-api:19.0.0 manifest, firebase-encoders-json:18.0.0 manifest, sqlite:2.0.1 manifest, facebook-android-sdk:11.1.0 manifest, firebase-components:17.0.0 manifest, transport-api:3.0.0 manifest, protolite-well-known-types:18.0.0 manifest, markdown-processor:0.1.3 manifest, play-services-measurement-base:19.0.0 manifest, firebase-common-ktx:20.0.0 manifest, activity-ktx:1.3.1 manifest, firebase-crashlytics-ktx:18.0.0 manifest, coil-compose:1.3.1 manifest, multidex:2.0.1 manifest, core-runtime:2.1.0 manifest, fragment-testing:1.2.0 manifest, ui-graphics:1.0.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, ui-tooling:1.0.0 manifest, grpc-android:1.28.0 manifest, ui-unit:1.0.1 manifest, play-services-measurement:19.0.0 manifest, play:core:1.9.1 manifest, annotation-experimental:1.1.0 manifest, play-services-measurement-sdk-api:19.0.0 manifest, play-services-tasks:17.0.0 manifest, firebase-analytics:19.0.0 manifest, facebook-common:11.1.0 manifest, drawerlayout:1.1.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, navigation-compose:2.4.0-alpha09 manifest, facebook-gamingservices:11.1.0 manifest, firebase-firestore:23.0.0 manifest, lifecycle-livedata:2.2.0 manifest, legacy-support-core-ui:1.0.0 manifest, test:monitor:1.2.0 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, facebook-applinks:11.1.0 manifest, viewpager:1.0.0 manifest, ui-geometry:1.0.1 manifest, lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.3.1 manifest, constraintlayout:2.0.4 manifest, ui-text:1.0.1 manifest, AndroidManifest.xml navigation file, firebase-installations-interop:17.0.0 manifest, transition:1.3.0 manifest, foundation-layout:1.0.1 manifest, appcompat-resources:1.3.1 manifest, runtime-livedata:1.0.0 manifest, runtime-saveable:1.0.1 manifest, firebase-measurement-connector:19.0.0 manifest, vectordrawable-animated:1.1.0 manifest, main nav_graph.xml navigation file Merging Errors: Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file) Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file) Error: android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for . Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify an explicit value for android:exported when the corresponding component has an intent filter defined. See https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/activity-element#exported for details. Dairy.app main manifest (this file)

Answer 1

To solve this error in target sdk 31-

1.First of all set target sdk to 30

2.Then go to the merged manifest

3.Find if there’s any activity, service, receiver or provider that does not have android:exported set.Override all those entries and set their android:exported to true or false.

4.set target sdk back to 31 and run project

Answer 2

androidx.test:core library version 1.3.0. Upgrading to version 1.4.0 fixed the issue.

Answer 3

See also android:exported needs to be explicitly specified for <activity>. Apps targeting Android 12 and higher are required to specify.

Thanks to @faizy, @Android Developer I made this.

Upgrade these libraries to new versions:

androidTestImplementation "androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:1.4.1"
androidTestImplementation "androidx.test:core:1.4.0"

I replaced debugImplementation with androidTestImplementation in these dependencies.

Press Sync Project with Gradle Files. Run the project (or rebuild, or run Lint). Probably it won't help. Then you should make this.

1. Downgrade targetSdkVersion to 30.

Run the project again. Probably it will compile.

In my case all needed android:exported="true" and android:exported="false" presented in activity, service, receiver and provider of merged AndroidManifest where <intent-filter> occured.

To find merged AndroidManifest, switch to Project and expand app module, then build > intermediates > merged_manifest > debug.

If some android:exported was missing, find a corresponding AndroidManifest and add it there.

2. Upgrade targetSdkVersion to 31.

Run the project again. If it won't compile, probably you should rebuild the project. As usually, Build > Rebuild Project, File > Invalidate Caches > Invalidate and Restart.

After some time (several gradle syncs, restarts of Android Studio) it compiled.

Answer 4

After the build has failed go to AndroidManifest.xml and in the bottom click merged manifest see which activities which have intent-filter but don't have exported=true attribute. Or you can just get the activities which are giving error.

Add these activities to your App manifest with android:exported="true" and app tools:node="merge" this will add exported attribute to the activities giving error.

Example:

      <activity
            android:name="<activity which is giving error>"
            android:exported="true"
            tools:node="merge" />

You will have to do this once, you can remove this once the library developers update their libs.

Answer 5

The following in app/build.gradle may be the cause.

dependencies {
    debugImplementation androidx.fragment:fragment-testing:<1.4.0-alpha02 or lower>’
}

Solution 1

Update fragment-testing to 1.4.0-alpha03 or higher.

Solution 2

Add the following to AndroidManifest.xml.

<manifest>
    <application>
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$BootstrapActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$EmptyActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
        <activity
            android:name="androidx.test.core.app.InstrumentationActivityInvoker$EmptyFloatingActivity"
            android:exported="false" />
    </application>
</manifest>

Answer 6

if you are using flutter , upgrading flutter_local_notifications to the latest version (now is 9.3.2) solved this error for me..

Answer 7

I had this problem, I add android:exported="true" and also tools:node="merge" to AndroidManifest.xml but however this error was appeared . I found this is not about my project's Activates rather is about some dependencies, like this:

implementation 'com.najva.sdk:najva-android-sdk:1.3.3'

so check your project dependencies, you will find it surely.

Answer 8

This issue originates from dependencies of project. Right click on intent-filter and select find usages option. Now, in all usage places check that if exported assigned value or nor. If not, assign a value (Even in cache folders for libraries). This will fix issue until cache refresh but you have identifies the libraries creating this problem.

Answer 9

if you use ogury Ads put this in youre AndroidManifest file

 <activity
        android:name="io.presage.mraid.browser.ShortcutActivity"
        android:theme="@style/Presage.AdScreen"
        android:exported="true">
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

Answer 10

solve is the problem :

1- targetSdkVersion if 31 change to 30

2- add line in AndroidManifest inside <activity android:exported="true" />