How to sort with lambda in Python

Question

In Python, I am trying to sort by date with lambda. I can't understand my error message. The message is:

<lambda>() takes exactly 1 argument (2 given)

The line I have is

a = sorted(a, lambda x: x.modified, reverse=True)

Answer 1

lst = [('candy','30','100'), ('apple','10','200'), ('baby','20','300')]
lst.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])
print(lst)

It will print as following:

[('apple', '10', '200'), ('baby', '20', '300'), ('candy', '30', '100')]

Answer 2

You're trying to use key functions with lambda functions.

Python and other languages like C# or F# use lambda functions.

Also, when it comes to key functions and according to the documentation

Both list.sort() and sorted() have a key parameter to specify a function to be called on each list element prior to making comparisons.

...

The value of the key parameter should be a function that takes a single argument and returns a key to use for sorting purposes. This technique is fast because the key function is called exactly once for each input record.

So, key functions have a parameter key and it can indeed receive a lambda function.

In Real Python there's a nice example of its usage. Let's say you have the following list

ids = ['id1', 'id100', 'id2', 'id22', 'id3', 'id30']

and want to sort through its "integers". Then, you'd do something like

sorted_ids = sorted(ids, key=lambda x: int(x[2:])) # Integer sort

and printing it would give

['id1', 'id2', 'id3', 'id22', 'id30', 'id100']

In your particular case, you're only missing to write key= before lambda. So, you'd want to use the following

a = sorted(a, key=lambda x: x.modified, reverse=True)

Answer 3

In Python3:

    from functools import cmp_to_key
    def compare(i1,i2):
      return i1-i2
    events.sort(key=cmp_to_key(compare))

Answer 4

Take a look at this Example, you will understand:

Example 1:

a = input()
a = sorted(a, key = lambda x:(len(x),x))
print(a)

input: ["tim", "bob", "anna", "steve", "john","aaaa"]
output: ['bob', 'tim', 'aaaa', 'anna', 'john', 'steve']

input: ["tim", "bob", "anna", "steve", "john","aaaaa"]
output: ['bob', 'tim', 'anna', 'john', 'aaaaa', 'steve']

---

Example 2 (advanced):

a = ["tim", "bob", "anna", "steve", "john","aaaaa","zzza"]
a = sorted(a, key = lambda x:(x[-1],len(x),x))
print(a)

output: ['anna', 'zzza', 'aaaaa', 'bob', 'steve', 'tim', 'john']

---

Conclusion:

key = lambda x:(p1,p2,p3,p4,...,pn),
x is one element at a time from the stream of input.
p1,p2,p3...pn being properties based on which the stream of elements needs to be sorted.
based on priority order of p1>p2>p3>...>pn.
We can also add reverse=True, after the sorting condition, to sort the elements in reverse order.

Answer 5

Except for other complete answers, I know a great page for you to dive into.

You may find why there are key and cmp between python2.x and python3.

Answer 6

Another excellent example of a sorted function with lambda on Python3;

# list of sport teams with wins and losses
sportTeams = [("Royals", (18, 12)), ("Rockets", (24, 6)), 
                ("Cardinals", (20, 10)), ("Dragons", (22, 8)),
                ("Kings", (15, 15)), ("Chargers", (20, 10)), 
                ("Jets", (16, 14)), ("Warriors", (25, 5))]

# sort the teams by number of wins
sortedTeams = sorted(sportTeams, key=lambda t: t[1][0], reverse=True)
print(sortedTeams)

Output:

[('Warriors', (25, 5)), ('Rockets', (24, 6)), ('Dragons', (22, 8)), ('Cardinals', (20, 10)), ('Chargers', (20, 10)), ('Royals', (18, 12)), ('Jets', (16, 14)), ('Kings', (15, 15))]